Current Affairs 23 to 31.10.2022

 

Current Affairs 23 to 31.10.2022

1. Dharmendra Pradhan (Union Education Minister) inaugurated India's second Rashtriya Adarsh ​​Vedic Vidyalaya at Puri. Rashtriya Adarsha Vedic Vidyalaya was started to spread the knowledge of Vedas among the people. This Rashtriya Adarsh ​​Vedic Vidyalaya is also known as National Model Vedic School. But Maharshi Sandipani Rashtriya Ved Vidya Pratisthan is the first school in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh.

The curriculum of Rashtriya Adarsha Vedic Vidyalaya includes four Vedas namely Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharva.

At Rashtriya Adarsh ​​Vedic Vidyalaya, students also get the opportunity to choose Science, English, Mathematics, Social Science, Computer Science and Agriculture.

Admissions are based on merit for Veda Bhushan 4th 9th Class, Veda Bhushan 5th 10th Class, Veda Vibhushan 1st 11th Class and Veda Vibhushan 2nd 12th Class based on merit.The courses will start this academic year.

Four more such schools are coming up at Badrinath in Uttarakhand, Sringeri in Karnataka, Dwarka in Gujarat and Guwahati in Assam.

 

2. The UCC refers to general laws governing personal matters such as marriage, divorce, adoption, inheritance, and succession that apply to all citizens regardless of religion. Article 44 of the Articles of Incorporation of the Constitution mentions the UCC and states that the State shall endeavor to obtain a uniform civil code for citizens throughout the territory of India.

These are not justiciable as defined in Article 37, not enforceable by any court but the principles laid down therein are fundamental in governance.

The Common Code enables uniform civil principles to be applied to the entire country. If the entire population started following the same laws it would bring more peace to the living beings and there are chances of less riots. UCC brings all communities together to ensure that women have a dignified life and control over their bodies.

For example, the law against manual scavenging. This may have been a practice in the past but in a mature democracy like India this practice cannot be justified. UCC facilitates handling of India's huge population base.

Historically not all Muslim communities have demanded special laws

Some Muslim communities, such as the Khojas and Kuchi Memons, were reluctant to submit to separate Muslim personal law. No personal laws for minorities are recognized in developed Muslim countries. Most countries have common civil codes.

But religious organizations oppose the Uniform Civil Code on the grounds that it interferes in religious affairs and violates the fundamental rights guaranteed under Article 25 of the Constitution.

The All India Muslim Personal Law Board said that laws relating to marriage and inheritance have been part of religious orders for ages. During the British Raj, personal laws were first drafted mainly for Hindu and Muslim citizens.

The demand for a uniform civil code was first put forward by women's activists in the early twentieth century. The motive behind this demand is women's rights, equality and secularism.

In 1940, the idea of ​​a Uniform Civil Code was proposed by the Congress-appointed National Planning Commission. There is a subcommittee to examine the status of women and recommend reforms of personal law for gender equality.

In 1947 Minoo Masani, Hamsa Mehta, Amrit Kaur and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar sought to enshrine the UCC as a fundamental right in the Constitution of India.

Article 44 of the Constitution of India in 1948 sets out the implementation of Uniform Civil Laws which is the duty of the State under Part IV of the Directive Principles of State Policy.

A reformist bill was passed in 1950. It passed reformist bills giving Hindu women the right to divorce and inherit property. Cohabitation and child marriage are prohibited. Dr. Rajendra Prasad resisted such reforms.

In the 1985 Shah Bano case, the Supreme Court brought a divorced Muslim woman under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973. In which the apex court declared that she is entitled to maintenance even after the completion of the iddat period.

Justice Kuldeep Singh in Sarala Mudgal and Union of India in 1995 reiterated the need for Parliament to create a uniform CV. Hence the responsibility vested in the State under Article 44 of the Constitution. The Supreme Court has repeatedly urged that a Uniform Civil Code must be achieved through this. In the 2000 case of Lilly Thomas v. Union of India 2000, the Supreme Court held that the Center cannot be directed to introduce the UCC. In 2015, the Supreme Court refused to direct the government to take a decision on the UCC.

 

3. National Unity Day or Rashtriya Ekta Divas is celebrated every year on October 31 to commemorate the birthday of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (India's first Home Minister). Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is celebrating his 147th birth anniversary this year.

Rashtriya Ekta Divas provides an opportunity to reaffirm our nation's inherent strength and resilience to sustain its unity, integrity and security. In honor of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the Government of India built the world's tallest statue of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel near the Narmada River in Gujarat. The main objective of the celebration is to promote national unity and create awareness about Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's contribution to Indian history.

The Government of India introduced Rashtriya Ekta Divas or National Unity Day in 2014 to pay tribute to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on his birth anniversary for his extraordinary contribution in keeping India united. In 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the first Rashtriya Ekta Divas program in New Delhi, which was called Run for Unity.

He played an important role in the unification of several Indian princely states to form the Indian federation. At the time of independence he was instrumental in bringing several princely states into the Indian Union. He also worked a lot as a social leader for India's independence.

Vallabhbhai Patel was given the title of 'Sardar' by the women of Bardoli. That means a leader. The Statue of Unity at Kevadia in Gujarat's Narmada district was erected in his honor in 2018.

 

4. The Center has approved the creation of Terai Elephant Reserve at Dudhwa Pilibhit in Uttar Pradesh. Terai Elephant Reserve is the 3rd largest elephant reserve in India with an area of ​​3,049 sq km. The Terai Elephant Reserve consists of protected areas of forest and corridors for the conservation of wild elephants.

The Terai Elephant Reserve will be developed in the joint forest areas of Dudhwa and Pilifit Tiger Reserve. It covers conservation of four wild species like tiger, Asiatic elephant, swamp deer and one horned rhinoceros.

(Environment Minister) Bhupendra Yadav said the move would help preserve the elephant population that had migrated across the border. The reserve protects villagers living in the Indo-Nepal border region of Uttar Pradesh by implementing human-elephant conflict mitigation strategies.

It will also benefit both tiger reserves by maintaining grasslands and corridor management. This is the third new elephant reserve approved in the last three months under Project Tiger. The other two are Lemru in Chhattisgarh and Agastimalai in Tamil Nadu. Project Elephant is a centrally sponsored scheme to support elephant conservation.

 

5. The World Health Organization (WHO) has released a list of fungal infections for the first time. Priority pathogens. The Fungal Priority Pathogen List contains 19 fungi that represent the greatest threat to human health. The UN body has warned that some strains are highly drug resistant and are increasing at an alarming rate.

WHO said that fungal infections are highly resistant to treatment and become dangerous to humanity due to lack of vision, lack of surveillance, treatments and diagnosis. Emerging from the shadows of the bacterial antimicrobial resistance epidemic, fungal infections are on the rise. Antimicrobial resistance is becoming a global public health problem, said Dr. Hanan Balki, WHO Assistant Director-General for Antimicrobial Resistance.

 

Divided into three categories – the critical group includes Candida auris which is the most drug resistant fungi. Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. The high-priority group includes many other fungi of the Candida family, as well as Mucorales, a group containing the black fungus that has increased rapidly among critically ill people during Covid-19, particularly in India. The intermediate priority group lists several other fungi, including Coccidioides spp and Cryptococcus gattii.

Invasive forms of these fungal infections can affect people who are critically ill and have significant underlying immune system-related conditions. Apart from this, people with cancer, HIV/AIDS, organ transplant, chronic respiratory disease and post-primary tuberculosis infection are at increased risk of invasive fungal infections.

 

6. India's per capita greenhouse gas emissions of 2.4 t CO2e (ton of carbon dioxide equivalent) in 2020 are much lower than the global average of 6.3 tCO2e, according to a new report released by the United Nations Environment Program on October 27.

The emissions gap report 2022 The Closing Window, released ahead of next month's UN climate change conference in Egypt, says the international community is still far short of the Paris targets and has no credible way to limit the world's emissions. The temperature at the site will increase by 1.5 degrees Celsius. Countries adopted the Paris Agreement to address climate change in 2015. Limit global temperature rise this century to 1.5 degrees Celsius, below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

Global average per capita GHG emissions in 2020 are 6.3 tCO2e. The US is well above this level at 14 tCO2e. 13 tCO2e in the Russian Federation, 9.7 tCO2e in China, 7.5 tCO2e in Brazil and Indonesia, and 7.2 tCO2e in the European Union.

India is far below the world average at 2.4 tCO2e. On average, least developed countries emit 2.3 tCO2e per capita per year, the report said. Per capita emissions are widespread among G20 members. Emissions from India are half the G20 average, while Saudi Arabia reaches double the G20. India's contribution to historical cumulative CO2 emissions is three percent while the US and EU contributed 25 percent and 17 percent of total fossil CO2 emissions from 1850 to 2019, respectively. Least developed countries contributed only 0.5 percent of historical CO2 fossil fuel and industry emissions between 1850 and 2019.

Progress has been woefully inadequate despite all countries deciding to strengthen nationally determined cooperation and some updates from countries at the 2021 climate conference in Glasgow, UK, the report said.

UNEP's Executive Director Inger Andersen says we have the opportunity to make incremental changes. But that time is over. Only a root-and-branch transformation of our economies and societies can save us from accelerating climate catastrophe, says Inger Andersen.

The world must reduce greenhouse gases at an unprecedented rate over the next eight years to meet the Paris Agreement targets. Unconditional and conditional NDCs are estimated to reduce global emissions by five and 10 percent in 2030, respectively. Emissions would need to be reduced by 45 percent under current policies by 2030 to achieve a cost-effective path to limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius compared to emissions based on policies currently in place.

 

7. Maharashtra Women and Child Development Minister Mangalprabhat Lodha inaugurated India's first Migration Monitoring Systems in Mumbai. A website-based migration tracking system tracks the movement of vulnerable seasonal migrant beneficiaries. Migration monitoring systems mainly aim to provide information about pregnant women, lactating women and children who migrate.

The State Department has developed a website-based migration tracking system to track the movements of vulnerable seasonal migrant beneficiaries through individual unique identification numbers.With migration monitoring systems information on seasonal migrant women and children is available on a single platform.

 

8. World Polio Day 2022 is celebrated every year on October 24 to raise awareness about polio vaccination and polio eradication everywhere in the world. Today is mainly to commemorate the world's progress in eradicating polio.

The main theme of World Polio Day- World Polio Day 2022 and beyond is a healthy future for mothers and children. The theme calls for the world to recognize the progress made in eradicating polio among children and providing mothers with a healthy future.

All organization events range from rallies, walks, webinars to organizing competitions in schools and clubs.

Efforts must continue to maintain high immunization coverage to ensure a polio-free future for all. High quality surveillance should be implemented to detect any presence of the virus.

Rotary International started World Polio Day in 1985 to commemorate the birth of Jonas Salk. He developed an inactivated polio virus vaccine. It came into use in 1955. It was further developed by Albert Sabin as an oral polio vaccine which came into use in 1961. Polio vaccines are recommended worldwide especially for children as those under the age of five are most vulnerable to infection.

9. The Indian Space Research Organization plans to launch its third lunar mission in the month of June 2023. A more capable Chandra rover will be carried by Chandrayaan-3.

According to Somnath, the Geosynchronous Launch Vehicle Mark-III will launch Chandrayaan-3, C-3 in June next year. ISRO is also working on the Gaganyaan mission, with the first abort test scheduled for the new year.

The mission will rely on the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter. It is already orbiting the moon. C-3 is now ready. It is not an exact copy of C-2. There is a rover. There has been a huge change in engineering. We have strengthened the Indian Space Research Organization to meet the same challenges it faced in the past. The mission was previously scheduled to launch in the third quarter of 2022, but has now been further postponed.

The coronavirus pandemic and the lockdown have hampered the progress of Chandrayaan-2's repositioning. It is important to note that the Chandrayaan-2 mission lost control and fell to the dark side of the Moon.

However, the orbiter is still operational and making vital observations of both the solar system and the lunar surface. Chandrayaan-3 is crucial for ISRO as it shows India's ability to land for future extraterrestrial missions.

Gaganyaan will make its first unmanned aircraft after ISRO canceled two missions to ensure that ISRO can rescue its crew in any situation.

Trans-sonic conditions exist during the first abort mission when the spacecraft is traveling at the speed of sound and reaches an altitude of 10-15 km.

The second ISRO abort mission was not as good as it would have helped the space agency demonstrate crew rescue skills in aerodynamic conditions and at twice the speed of sound. The crew is removed from the launch vehicle by a salvage device as part of the abort mission. According to the Indian Space Research Organization chairman, part of the test involves the team using the capsule to land safely in water.

10. The International Union of Geological Sciences has identified Mawmluh Cave in the East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya as one of the first 100 IUGS Geoheritage Sites. It is one of the largest scientific institutions of UNESCO. The complete list will be presented at the IUGS 60th Anniversary event in Jumayya, Spain.

Over 200 experts from nearly 40 countries and 10 international organizations helped identify and shortlist the sites. The Society of Earth Scientists has submitted a proposal to identify Mamluh Cave for consideration under the first 100 Global Geoheritage Sites.

It is 7.2 km long and Mawmlu Cave is the fourth longest cave in the Indian subcontinent. The cave is a long maze with many openings and is decorated with stalactites, stalagmites, pillars, screens and milk of the moon.

It is 4503 meters high. The cave is famous for its stalagmite formations. Another major feature of the cave is the pool inside which is formed from the five different rivers that pass through the cave.