Current Affairs 07,08,09.11.2022

 

Current Affairs 07,08,09.11.2022

1.Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled India's logo, theme and website for G20 presidency. It reflects the country's message and wider priorities to the world. The G20 logo, designed with the four colors of India's national flag, features the Earth sitting on a lotus. The seven petals in the logo represent the convergence of seven seas and seven continents at G20 India 2023. Reflects India's pro-planetary approach to life on Earth. Vasudhaiva family is one land, one family, one future.

India will take over the presidency of the G20 next month in a significant step in the evolution of the country's foreign policy, with the prime minister's vision to assume leadership roles on the world stage.

The G20 Presidency provides a unique opportunity for India to contribute to the global agenda on issues of international importance.

The G20 is the intergovernmental forum of the world's major developed and developing economies and represents more than 85 percent of global GDP, more than 75 percent of world trade and two-thirds of the world's population. According to an official statement, India will hold around 200 meetings in 32 different sectors at various locations across the country during its G20 presidency.

 

2. National Legal Services Day is celebrated on 9th November every year to commemorate the inauguration of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 which came into force on the same day in 1995. The day was established with the aim of providing support and assistance to the weaker sections. The day was established to support and help vulnerable and poor communities including Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes, Women, Disabled, Victims of Natural Disasters and Victims of Human Trafficking.

National Legal Services Day is crucial in creating public awareness about the rights of litigants along with various provisions of the Legal Services Authorities Act. The day is celebrated to create awareness among the citizens about the Legal Services Authorities Act and the rights of litigants. Every jurisdiction organizes legal aid camps, Lok Adalats and legal aid programs on this day.

National Legal Services Authority (1995) by the Legal Services Authorities Act of 1987. It is an Act of the Parliament of India to implement the provisions of Article 39 A of the Constitution. The Authority undertook the activities of providing free legal aid and guidance to the needy and resolving issues through mediation and amicable settlement. NALSA is a one-of-a-kind effort to reduce court arrears in India by providing justice to low income litigants.

NALSA is a unique effort to reduce backlogs of courts in India and provide justice to the needy litigants. Authorities/organizations providing free legal aid. The authorities/institutions established to provide free legal aid to the poor and weaker sections of the society are NALSA, Supreme Court Legal Services Committee SCLSC, 39 High Court Legal Services Committees HCLSCs, 37 State Legal Services Authorities SLSAs, 673 District Legal Services Authorities DLSAs, and 2465 Taluka Legal Services. Committees are TLSCs.

The Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 was passed on October 11, 1987 and came into force on November 9, 1995. The Supreme Court of India established National Legal Services Day in 1995 to help and support the poor sections of the society and to honor the path. Legal Services Authorities Act. National Legal Services Day is established to support and help the weaker and poorer communities including women, scheduled tribes, disabled, scheduled castes, victims of natural calamities and victims of human trafficking.

3. ISRO plans to return to Mars. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has set its sights on Venus and is collaborating with Japan to probe the dark side of the Moon after missions to the Moon and Mars. The space agency also considered sending a probe to Mars as ISRO's next mission at the Akash Tattva conference here.

The Japanese rocket will launch an ISRO-built lunar lander and rover into orbit with a planned landing site close to the moon's south pole.

The rover always travels to a region of the Moon that is in shadow and receives no sunlight. The observation of this region is fascinating because it is similar to anything frozen for eons that persisted in the PSR zone.

Aditya L-1 is a special mission in which a payload-carrying 400 kg class satellite will be placed in orbit around the Sun. So that it can continuously view the star from a location called Lagrange point L-1.

5 million kilometers separates the orbiter from Earth and it studies coronal heating, solar wind acceleration, initiation of coronal mass ejections, flares and the near-Earth space atmosphere.

Priority will be given to Aditya L 1 and Chandrayaan 3 missions. Missions to Venus and the Moon with JAXA are expected to follow early next year.

Chandrayaan 3 needs a lunar rover to succeed. Because it will be used again in the mission with JAXA.

4. Supreme Court upheld 10 percent reservation of EWS for economically weaker sections of upper castes in government jobs and colleges across India. The verdict was delivered by a bench comprising Chief Justice of India UU Lalit, Justices Dinesh Maheshwari, S Ravindra Bhatt, Bela M Trivedi and JB Pardiwala.

 Justice Ravindra Bhat and CJI Lalit expressed dissenting opinions in five judgments. Justice Maheshwari, who read the judgment, said that the 103rd Constitutional Amendment was valid for the EWS quota and did not violate the basic structure of the Constitution. He said that reservation is a means of affirmative action towards the goals of an egalitarian society.

Majority View:

Justice Dinesh Maheshwari said that the 103rd Constitutional Amendment cannot be said to have violated the basic structure of the Constitution.

The EWS quota is equal and does not violate the basic structure of the Constitution. He said that reservation in addition to existing reservations does not violate constitutional provisions. Justice Maheshwari said that reservation is an instrument of affirmative action by the state to include backward classes.

He said that the basic structure cannot be violated by making provisions for state education. He stated that reservations would not only help the socially and economically backward classes to join the society but also help the backward classes.

Justice Ravindra Bhatt, in his minority view, could not be construed as a free pass on the benefits described by the Union. But said compensatory mechanism to have a level playing field. Their exclusion is discriminatory to the Equality Code, violating the basic structure, he said.

Reservation is against the essence of equal opportunity. He said that the 103rd Amendment prohibits forms of discrimination. He also noted that most of the economically backward sections belong to SCs and OBCs.

Upholding the validity of EWS quota, Justice Pardiwala said reservation was not an end in itself but a means to achieve social justice. He said there is a need to review the process of recognition of backward classes for reservation. Dr. Ambedkar's idea was to bring reservation for 10 years but it continued. Reservations should not be allowed for selfish purposes, he said.

Historically the reservation provided to the backward groups has left other backward groups unable to progress and provision for EWS cannot be made through the amendment. He opined that reservations are not violated by economic criteria.

Simply put, reservation in India is the reserving of seats for certain sections of the population in government jobs, educational institutions and even legislatures.

Also known as affirmative action, reservation can also be seen as positive discrimination. Reservation in India is a government policy. The Constitution of India is supported by various amendments.

Prior to 2019 reservations were provided mainly on the basis of caste and social and educational backwardness. But after the 103rd constitutional amendment in 2019, economic backwardness will also be considered. Apart from reservation quota, additional relaxations like upper age relaxation, extra attempts and lower cut off marks are also provided for various reservation categories.

To some extent the state pursues reservation as a mechanism to correct the historical injustice done to certain castes by the so-called upper castes. The existing caste system in India has alienated many lower castes from the mainstream, hindering their development. Most of the consequences are still being felt. The original Constitution of India provided for quota-only reservations in legislatures. That too Article 334 was only for 10 years till 1960. Subsequent amendments to the Constitution extended the period of reservation for quota in legislatures.

Justice Bhatt observed that reservations, quotas were created to correct deep-rooted wrongs against communities and castes. Reservations are designed as a powerful tool to enable equal access. He said it is unfair to introduce economic criteria and exclude other backward classes, SC, ST, OBCs and say they have these earlier benefits. He argued that the exclusion clause operates in a purely arbitrary manner and is against the socially disaffected castes by restricting them in their quota.

It denied the possibility of mobility from reserved quota to reservations under economic criteria based on past discrimination. He said that the induced amendment and the classification it creates would amount to arbitrary discrimination.

5. Mathura Vrindavan, one of the largest pilgrimage centers in India, has announced that it aims to become a net zero carbon emission tourism destination by 2041. Tourist vehicles will be banned from the entire Braj region, which includes popular pilgrim centers like Brindavan. Only electric vehicles used as public transport in Krishna Janmabhoomi are allowed in the area.

A total of 252 water bodies and 24 forests in the region will also be restored. According to the plan, the number of annual pilgrim tourists of the Braj region is expected to increase from the current level of 2.3 crore to six crore by 2041.

To achieve a net zero carbon emission status, greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced as close to zero as possible. Any remaining emissions from the atmosphere are reabsorbed by oceans and forests, for example.

To facilitate this in Mathura Vrindavan the plan divides the entire region into four clusters. Each includes two of the eight key cities.

The plan proposes to create short circuits called parikrama paths that pilgrims can undertake on foot or using electric vehicles.

6. Every year 7th November is celebrated as Child Protection Day. The day is celebrated with the sole purpose of raising awareness about the safety of newborns' lives and providing them with proper care. The day was set aside to discuss how best to protect and nurture young children at their most important and vulnerable stages of development.

The main reason behind celebrating Child Protection Day is to take steps to save the lives of babies. On this day, the government hopes to raise awareness about the protection and nutrition that babies need. The day also strives to provide strong health and immunity to every child.

The day also highlights measures the government should consider to promote efficient health care systems while highlighting the need to improve immunological support.

According to data from the Registrar General of India's Model Registration System Bulletin, the infant mortality rate decreased from 37 per 1,000 live births in 2015 to 30 per 1,000 live births at the national level in 2019. .

Data published on September 22, 2022 shows that the country's child mortality rate has decreased compared to previous years. The government is taking several important measures to reduce infant mortality. The government should establish an effective health care system to prevent the increase in infant mortality rate in the future.

In 1990, about 5 million babies died due to lack of knowledge about infant protection. This has prompted many countries to take necessary measures for better infant health care and to reduce infant mortality rates. Europe is the first to launch a campaign in this regard. Hence, Child Protection Day was established to raise public awareness about child care services and reduce infant mortality rates. This resulted in a reduction in the infant mortality rate from 100 deaths per 1000 births to 10 deaths per 1000 births. Later America also joined it.

7. World Radiography Day is celebrated every year on November 8 to honor the discovery of X-rays. It is also known as X-rays. On this day in 1895, German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen completed the discovery of X-radiation or X-rays. This achievement earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. This year we celebrate the 11th International Day of Radiology on 11th November. It is followed by all medical imaging specialists around the world.

The theme of International Day of Radiology 2022 is Patient Safety: Radiographers at the forefront. The theme aims to encourage radiologists, radiographers, radiological technologists and all specialists to recognize the important role of radiology in treating the patient.

World Radiography Day celebrates the anniversary of the discovery of X-rays in 1895 and is used as a platform to raise public awareness of radiographic imaging and therapy. Radiographic imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis. And also treatment of patients. But it is equally important to keep the radiation level to the minimum necessary. Thereby improving the health of patients rather than harming them. So, WRD is also an opportunity to honor those who work with precision and save thousands of lives every year.

According to many sources the first World Radiography Day was observed on November 8 in 2007 by the International Society of Radiographers and Radiological Technologists. But the European Society of Radiology held its first major celebration of the day in 2012. The Radiological Society of North America and the American College of Radiology came together for the initiative. This year marks the 11th anniversary of International Radiology Day.

X rays were accidentally discovered in 1895 by Professor Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen while working with a cathode ray tube in his laboratory. He noticed the fluorescent glow of the crystals on the table near his tube. It contains a bulb with negative and positive electrodes. When air is evacuated from the tube a high voltage is applied and the tube produces a fluorescent glow. When the tube is covered with black paper and the substance is placed a few feet away from the tube it produces a green fluorescent light.

Radiology is a branch of medicine that uses medical imaging to diagnose and treat diseases in the body of animals and humans. A wide variety of imaging techniques are used to diagnose or treat diseases, including X-ray radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, fluoroscopy, and nuclear medicine, including magnetic resonance imaging. Interventional radiology is the performance of minimally invasive medical procedures usually guided by imaging technologies as mentioned above.